农耕文明文库

农为邦本 · 水利万物 —— 中国古代农业水利古籍数字化平台(第1期)
《天工开物》 · 正文 下一节
原文 简体 对照

The Project Gutenberg eBook of 天工開物

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: 天工開物

Author: Yingxing Song

Release date: May 1, 2008 [eBook #25273] Most recently updated: January 3, 2021

Language: Chinese

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25273

Credits: Produced by Kai Hong Fang

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 天工開物 ***

Produced by Kai Hong Fang

自序

天覆地載,物數號萬,而事亦因之曲成而不遺,豈人力也哉!事物而既萬矣, 必待口授目成而後識之,其與幾何?萬事萬物之中,其無益生人與有益者各載其 半。世有聰明博物者,稠人推焉。乃棗梨之花未賞,而臆度楚萍;釜之範鮮經,而侈談莒 鼎。畫工好圖鬼魅而惡犬馬,即鄭僑、晉華,豈足為烈哉!

幸生聖明極盛之世,滇南車馬縱貫遼陽,嶺徼宦商衡游薊北。為方萬里中,何事何物不可見見聞。基為士而生東晉之初、南宋之季,其視燕、秦、晉、豫方物已成夷產,從互市而得裘帽,何殊慎之矢也。且夫王孫帝子生長深宮,御廚玉粒正香欲觀耒耜,尚宮錦衣方剪而想像機絲。當斯時也,披圖一觀,如獲重寶矣。

年來著書一種,名曰《天工開物捲》。傷哉貧也!欲購奇考証,而乏洛下之資;欲招致同人商略贗真,而缺陳思之館。隨其孤陋見聞,藏諸方寸而寫之,豈有當哉?

吾友塗伯聚先生,誠意動天,心靈格物。凡古今一言寬這嘉、寸長可取,必勤勤懇懇而契合焉。昨歲《畫音歸正》由先生而授梓。茲有後命,複取此捲而繼起為之,其亦夙緣之所召哉!

捲分前後,萬貴五穀而賤金玉之義。《觀象》、《樂律》二捲,其道太精,自揣非吾事,故臨梓刪去。丐大業文人棄擲頭,此書於功名進取毫不相關也!時崇禎丁醜孟夏月,奉新宋 應星書於家食之問堂。

乃粒第一

宋子曰:上古神農氏若存若亡,然味其微號,兩言至今存矣。生人不能久生而 五穀生之,五穀不能自生而生人生之。土脈歷時代而異,種性隨水土而分。不 然,神農去陶唐,粒食已千年矣。耒耜之利,以教天下,豈有隱焉。而紛紛嘉 種,必待後稷詳明,其故何也?紈褲之子,以赭衣視笠蓑;經生之家,以家夫 為詬詈。晨炊晚餉,如其味而忘其源者眾矣!夫先農而系之以神,豈人力之所為哉!

總名

凡欲無定名,百欲指成數言。五穀則麻、菽、稷、黍,獨遺稻者,以著書深賢起自西北也。今天下育民人者,稻居什七,而來、牟、黍、稷居什三。麻、菽二者,功用已全入蔬餌膏饌之中,而猶系之谷者,從其朔也。

稻